Experimental verification of inertons

1) V. Krasnoholovets and V. Byckov, Real inertons against hypothetical gravitons. Experimental proof of the existence of inertons, Indian Journal of Theoretical Physics 48, no. 1, pp. 1–23 (2000) (also http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0007027)

Owing to the overlapping of inerton clouds of vibrating atoms in a metal, those inertons should contribute to the effective potential of interaction of atoms in the crystal lattice. The possibility of separating this inerton contribution from the value of the atom vibration amplitude is analysed.

The experiment which assumes the presence of the hypothetical inerton field is performed. We anticipated that the rotating Earth should generate the motion of inertons from the west to the east and also along the diameter of the globe. In this case we can install a resonator of inerton waves of the Earth, which has to satisfy the following conditions:

(1)
\begin{align} \frac {2\pi R_{\rm Earth}}{4 R_{\rm Earth}} =\frac{\pi}{2}. \end{align}

Here, $R_{\rm Earth}$ is the radius of the Earth; $2\pi R_{\rm Earth}$ in the path of inertons generated in a point A, which run along the surface of the Earth coming back to the source in which they were generated. $4R_{\rm Earth}$ is the path of inertons back to the source A located on the surface of the globe, when these inertons start along the diameter of the globe.

If we install a device in point A which shape satisfies conditions (1), i.e. the ratio of the base $a$ and the height $\cal H$ is also equal to $\pi/2$, the device will act as a resonator of inerton waves of the Earth.

To test the hypothesis, we put in such a resonator a razor blade and studied its morphological structure in an electron microscope. As is visible, the fine morphological structure indeed changed; a crude morphological structure remained the same.

The expected changes in the structure of the test specimens caused by the inerton field were in fact convincingly fixed in micrographs (a - reference specimens; b - test specimens).

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2) V. Krasnoholovets, On the theory of the anomalous photoelectric effect stemming from a substructure of matter waves, Indian Journal of Theoretical Physics 49, no. 1, 1-32 (2001) (also http://arXiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9906091)

The two opposite concepts – multiphoton and effective photon – readily describing the photoelectric effect under strong irradiation when the energy of an incident light is essentially smaller than the ionization potential of gas atoms and the work function of a metal are treated. Taking into account that the electron is an extended object that is not point-like, the study of the interaction between the electron and a photon flux is carried out in detail. A comparison with numerous experiments is performed.

Laser pulses with an intensity 1012 to 1018 W/cm2 of low energy photons is able to ionize gas atoms, which was studied in many experiments. To describe the phenomenon, researchers concentrated on the multi photon concept by L. Keldysh (1964), which modified the simple photoelectric to a nonlinear consideration in which the atom is ionized by absorption of several photons. The Nth-order time dependent perturbation theory changes the usual Fermi golden rule to N-photon absorption that produces a complicated expression for the probability $w^N$. However, in the 1970s E. Panarella stressed that many experiments could not be explained in the framework of the multi photon theory. The multiphoton concept just failed to interpret fine details revealed in the experiments. E. Panarella suggested an effective photon concept in which N photons would gather together in a clump that bombard as a whole an atom ejecting photons. So, in Panarella's model the photoelectric effect became linear again. This concept could explain many experiments carried out both in gases and metals.

The submicroscopic concept started from the idea that electrons in atoms or in a metal should be treated as extended objects, but not point-like: an electron together with its inerton cloud has the length equal to their de Broglie's wavelength $\lambda$ and the electron's inerton 'wings' spread up to the distance $\Lambda = \lambda c/\upsilon$ in transferal directions around the particle. Hence, the cross-section of the electron’s inerton cloud: $\Lambda \lambda \approx 100$ nm2 (because the velocity of electrons is around $3\cdot 10^{6}$ m/s). Thus, such an object is able to absorb N photons simultaneously, which can be considered an anomalous photoelectric effect. The corresponding probability was calculated and was applied to describe tens of different experiments on generation of photoelectrons in gases and a metal. The results are completely satisfactory. Indeed, If the intensity of a laser pulse $I = 10^{16}$ to $10^{18}$ W/cm2, we can estimate a mean distance between photons in the flux of laser pulse as $d \sim 3$ to $4$ nm.

The picture above shows the electron surrounded by its cloud of inertons. Then the number of photons (yellow points and arrows), which bombard the electron’s inerton cloud is: $\Lambda \lambda / d^2 \sim 10$. In other words, the size of the electron (jointly with its inerton cloud) is large enough and can absorb up to 10 photons from a laser flux simultaneously. The total energy of these 10 photons exceeds the ionized potential of atoms in a gas (or the work function in a metal).
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3) V. Krasnoholovets, Collective dynamics of hydrogen atoms in the KIO3${\cdot}$HIO3 crystal dictated by a substructure of the hydrogen atoms' matter waves, http://arXiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0108417

The behavior of the subsystem of hydrogen atoms of the KIO3${\cdot}$HIO3 crystal, whose IR absorption spectra exhibit equidistant submaxima in the vicinity of the maxima in the frequency range of stretching and bending vibrations of OH bonds is studied in the present work. It is shown that hydrogen atoms co-operate in peculiar clusters in which, however, the hydrogen atoms do not move from their equilibrium positions but vibrate synchronously. The interaction between the hydrogen atoms is associated with the overlapping of their matter waves, i.e. inertons. The exchange by inertons results in the oscillation of hydrogen atoms in clusters, which emerges in the mentioned spectra. The number of atoms which compose the cluster is calculated and the spectrum of such cluster is computed.

Below numerical calculations of IR spectra are imposed upon experimental curves (solid line) of IR spectra of the KIO3${\cdot}$HIO3 crystal. Theoretical curves show that the cluster state of hydrogen atoms features sub maxima that are very close to the appropriate experimental maxima.

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4) V. Krasnoholovets, N. Kukhtarev and T. Kukhtareva, Heavy electrons: Electron droplets generated by photogalvanic and pyroelectric effects, International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 16, 2323-2337 (2006) (also http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.2361)

Electron clusters, X-rays and nanosecond radio-frequency pulses are produced by 100 mW continuous-wave laser illuminating ferroelectric crystal of LiNbO3. A long-living stable electron droplet with the size of about 100 μm and velocity ~ 0.5 cm/s moves freely in the air near the surface of the crystal, experiencing the Earth gravitational field.

The microscopic model of cluster stability, which is based on submicroscopic mechanics developed in the real physical space, is suggested. It was assumed that the laser beam knocked not photoelectrons, but also inertons from the crystal. Inertons are knocked out from overlapping inerton clouds of atoms that form the crystal lattice. Therefore, knocked photoelectrons surrounded by knocked inertons become unstable to the formation of a cluster.

In the cluster, the role of a restraining force is played by the inerton field, a substructure of the electrons’ matter waves, which can elastically withstand the electrons' Coulomb repulsion. It is shown that electrons in the droplet are in fact heavy electrons whose mass at least 1 million times exceeds their rest mass. Their mass has increased owing to the absorption of inertons ejected from the crystal by laser.

Pictures: Nonlinear enhanced back-reflected scattering from the ferroelectric crystal surface. The specular reflected beam with a ‘droplet’ for two frames (separated by 1 sec) from the video.
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5) V. Krasnoholovets, S. Skliarenko and O. Strokach, On the behavior of physical parameters of aqueous solutions affected by the inerton field of Teslar technology, International Journal of Modern Physics B 20, no. 1, 111-124 (2006) (also http://arxiv.org/abs/0810.2005)

We present studies of the behavior of the permittivity of such liquid systems as pure distilled water, alcohol and 50%-aqueous solutions of alcohol as affected by the inerton field generated by a special signal generator contained within a wrist-watch or bracelet made by so-called Teslar technology. It has been found that the changes are significant. The method employed has allowed us to fix the value of frequency of the field generated by the Teslar chip. The frequency has been determined to be approximately 8 Hz. The phenomenological consideration and submicroscopic foundations of a significant increase of the permittivity are studied taking into account an additional interaction, namely the mass interaction between polar water molecules, which is caused by the inerton field of the Teslar chip.

The samples represented a mixture of water and alcohol: 50% of water and 50% of alcohol. With time alcohol evaporated and the capacity of samples has to drop, which is seen on the upper graph. However, when a Teslar watch is approached to the cuvette, the inerton field of the watch strongly suppresses the movement of water and alcohol molecules, which also decreases the capacity of the sample; this is seen in the lower figure.

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6) E. Andreev, G. Dovbeshko, V. Krasnoholovets, The study of influence of the Teslar technology on aqueous solution of some biomolecules, Research Letters in Physical Chemistry, Volume 2007, Article ID 94286, 5 pages doi:10.1155/2007/94286 (http://www.hindawi.com/journals/apc/2007/094286/abs/)

The possibility of recording physical changes in aqueos solutions caused by a unique field generated by the Teslar chip (TC) inside a quartz wristwatch has been studied using holographic interferometry. We show that the refraction index of degassed pure distilled water and aqueous solutions of L-tyrosine and b-alanine affected by the TC does not change during the first 10 minutes of influence. In contrast, a 1% aqueous solution of plasma extracted from the blood of a patient with heart vascular disease changes the refractive index when affected by the TC. The characteristic time of reaction is about 102 seconds.

In the photograph the dynamics of the fringe pattern of the aqueous solution of plasma of human blood affected by 2 Teslar chips is presented. The strong disturbance of the optical density of the solution emerges already after 72 s.

Thus we could unambiguously prove that the Teslar watch generates the inerton field, which is associated with a substructure of the matter waves (and does not depend on the electromagnetic nature). Consequently, the defect of mass Δm becomes an inherent property not only of atomic nuclei but also of any physical, physical chemical and biophysical systems.

page revision: 17, last edited: 01 Jun 2012 07:59